Shenfushu granules attenuate diabetic kidney disease by inhibiting PIK3R1/protein kinase B/heparanase-mediated endothelial-mesenchymal transition

Figure 2 Shenfushu granules alleviates renal injury in diabetic kidney disease. A: Representative images of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections (400 × magnification, scale bar: 50 μm); B: Representative images of periodic acid-Schiff staining (400 × magnification, scale bar: 50 μm); C: Representative images of Masson’s trichrome staining (400 × magnification, scale bar: 50 μm); D: Representative transmission electron microscopy images of a glomerular endothelial cell and its glycocalyx; E: Representative images of immunofluorescence for heparan sulfate. The data are presented as the mean ± SE (n ≥ 5). ^aP < 0.05. ^bP < 0.01. ^cP < 0.001. ¹P vs control group. ²P vs model group. HE: Hematoxylin and eosin; PAS: Periodic acid-Schiff; TEM: Transmission electron microscope; IF: Immunofluorescence; HS: Heparan sulfate; CD31: Cluster of differentiation 31; DAPI: 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; SFSGs: Shenfushu granules; L: Low; M: Middle; H: High.