Impact of diabetes duration and hyperglycemia on the progression of diabetic kidney disease: Insights from the KNHANES 2019-2021

Table 4 Subgroup analysis of odds ratio for diabetic kidney disease according to age, sex and hypertension

Group	Subgroup	Percentage (SE)	Adjusted, OR (95%CI)	Subgroup	Percentage (SE)	Adjusted, OR (95%CI)	P for interaction
Duration of DM (years)	< 65 years			≥ 65 years			0.1113
New onset		16.51 (2.04)	1 (reference)		24.26 (3.06)	1 (reference)
< 5		13.51 (2.28)	0.772 (0.472, 1.260)		31.96 (3.53)	1.312 (0.849, 2.029)
5-10		20.21 (3.65)	1.281 (0.739, 2.219)		35.31 (4.15)	1.680 (1.040, 2.713)
10-15		32.41 (4.99)	2.317 (1.349, 3.980)		32.33 (4.23)	1.576 (0.951, 2.612)
15-20		21.08 (6.25)	1.311 (0.572, 3.005)		36.70 (5.18)	1.785 (1.011, 3.152)
≥ 20		55.29 (8.71)	5.694 (2.708, 11.974)		53.68 (4.21)	3.644 (2.293, 5.792)
Hemoglobin A1C (%)							0.1732
< 6.5		16.88 (2.62)	1 (reference)		33.95 (3.18)	1 (reference)
6.5-7		7.98 (1.64)	0.419 (0.238, 0.735)		27.12 (2.9)	0.761 (0.510, 1.137)
7-8		19.03 (2.63)	1.117 (0.659, 1.893)		36.79 (3.32)	1.306 (0.873, 1.954)
8-9		30.67 (5.11)	2.193 (1.155, 4.165)		49.57 (5.88)	2.527 (1.501, 4.256)
9-10		41.61 (7.35)	4.166 (2.065, 8.404)		66.52 (8.15)	4.587 (1.914, 10.993)
≥ 10		46.55 (6.63)	4.911 (2.567, 9.394)		48.96 (11.36)	2.417 (0.947, 6.170)
Duration of DM (years)	Male			Female			0.2914
New onset		20.86 (2.34)	1 (reference)		15.14 (2.18)	1 (reference)
< 5		19.70 (2.64)	0.827 (0.536, 1.277)		19.64 (2.88)	1.218 (0.738, 2.01)
5-10		24.70 (3.96)	1.116 (0.668, 1.865)		27.24 (3.80)	1.964 (1.155, 3.338)
10-15		34.57 (4.75)	1.754 (1.061, 2.900)		29.24 (4.35)	1.996 (1.183, 3.366)
15-20		26.28 (5.12)	1.015 (0.563, 1.828)		36.23 (6.40)	2.543 (1.325, 4.882)
≥ 20		59.20 (5.08)	3.970 (2.338, 6.739)		48.47 (5.35)	3.783 (2.235, 6.402)
Hemoglobin A1C (%)							0.7956
< 6.5		27.10 (3.07)	1 (reference)		20.68 (2.73)	1 (reference)
6.5-7		15.65 (2.15)	0.501 (0.326, 0.769)		16.17 (2.19)	0.750 (0.467, 1.207)
7-8		24.22 (2.77)	0.962 (0.611, 1.516)		28.29 (3.14)	1.574 (0.997, 2.486)
8-9		35.79 (5.23)	1.992 (1.090, 3.643)		39.67 (5.91)	3.047 (1.651, 5.625)
9-10		51.09 (8.14)	4.135 (2.040, 8.382)		45.17 (8.34)	5.387 (2.278, 12.741)
≥ 10		47.75 (7.58)	4.482 (2.210, 9.089)		45.48 (8.99)	5.662 (2.099, 15.276)
Duration of DM (years)	No hypertension			Hypertension			0.6858
New onset		13.17 (2.10)	1 (reference)		23.73 (2.74)	1 (reference)
< 5		11.39 (2.83)	0.827 (0.425, 1.608)		25.48 (2.74)	0.987 (0.66, 1.477)
5-10		22.03 (4.45)	1.941 (1.031, 3.655)		28.72 (3.55)	1.169 (0.748, 1.827)
10-15		19.92 (4.61)	1.689 (0.855, 3.334)		40.21 (4.56)	1.938 (1.206, 3.114)
15-20		19.78 (5.81)	1.601 (0.732, 3.501)		36.28 (5.53)	1.448 (0.82, 2.558)
≥ 20		42.89 (7.31)	4.648 (2.269, 9.518)		59.05 (4.16)	3.338 (2.127, 5.238)
Hemoglobin A1C (%)							0.7324
< 6.5		16.55 (3.08)	1 (reference)		29.14 (2.88)	1 (reference)
6.5-7		8.00 (1.78)	0.426 (0.233, 0.782)		21.3 (2.24)	0.686 (0.481, 0.978)
7-8		15.05 (2.59)	0.872 (0.475, 1.601)		33.67 (2.98)	1.421 (0.962, 2.098)
8-9		27.97 (5.87)	1.98 (0.961, 4.078)		45.71 (5.38)	2.553 (1.551, 4.201)
9-10		36.83 (8.11)	3.323 (1.44, 7.669)		65.61 (7.89)	5.473 (2.588, 11.574)
≥ 10		35.68 (7.52)	3.381 (1.469, 7.782)		58.71 (8.69)	6.784 (3.019, 15.246)

Adjusted for age, sex, regular exercise, and history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension and dyslipidemia. DM: Diabetes mellitus; OR: Odds ratio; 95%CI: 95% confidential interval.