Impact of diabetes duration and hyperglycemia on the progression of diabetic kidney disease: Insights from the KNHANES 2019-2021

Table 3 Odds ratio of kidney outcomes according to duration or severity of diabetes mellitus

Group	eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2		UACR ≥ 30 mg/g Cr
	Percentage (SE)	Adjusted, OR (95%CI)	Percentage (SE)	Adjusted, OR (95%CI)
Duration of diabetes mellitus (years)
New onset	3.22 (0.68)	1 (reference)	16.11 (1.67)	1 (reference)
< 5	5.76 (1.03)	1.349 (0.740, 2.459)	15.57 (1.85)	0.917 (0.627, 1.343)
5-10	6.46 (1.35)	1.578 (0.826, 3.014)	22.28 (2.62)	1.456 (0.987, 2.148)
10-15	8.04 (1.88)	1.877 (0.950, 3.711)	29.19 (3.25)	2.057 (1.394, 3.034)
15-20	7.21 (1.91)	1.112 (0.538, 2.297)	27.02 (3.98)	1.729 (1.080, 2.767)
≥ 20	28.46 (3.68)	4.875 (2.626, 9.050)	41.93 (3.73)	3.351 (2.243, 5.009)
P for trend		< 0.001		< 0.001
Hemoglobin A1C (%)
< 6.5	9.28 (1.33)	1 (reference)	18.47 (1.97)	1 (reference)
6.5-7	6.19 (0.96)	0.693 (0.423, 1.134)	11.85 (1.37)	0.606 (0.423, 0.869)
7-8	6.49 (1.13)	0.808 (0.482, 1.352)	22.50 (1.96)	1.377 (0.966, 1.964)
8-9	8.90 (2.35)	1.387 (0.688, 2.797)	35.20 (3.96)	2.793 (1.792, 4.353)
9-10	8.47 (3.38)	1.487 (0.529, 4.178)	47.09 (5.99)	5.288 (3.078, 9.085)
≥ 10	6.42 (2.62)	1.788 (0.679, 4.711)	43.46 (5.91)	4.945 (2.832, 8.635)
P for trend		0.1786		< 0.001

Adjusted for age, sex, regular exercise, and history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension and dyslipidemia. eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR: Urinary albumin creatinine ratio; OR: Odds ratio; 95%CI: 95% confidential interval.