Impact of diabetes duration and hyperglycemia on the progression of diabetic kidney disease: Insights from the KNHANES 2019-2021

Table 2 Odds ratio of diabetic kidney disease according to duration or severity of diabetes mellitus

Group	Percentage (SE)	Unadjusted, OR (95%CI)	Model 1, OR (95%CI)1	Model 2, OR (95%CI)2
Duration of diabetes mellitus (years)
New onset	18.60 (1.71)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
< 5	19.68 (1.96)	1.072 (0.766, 1.501)	0.975 (0.699, 1.361)	0.958 (0.684, 1.342)
5-10	25.89 (2.83)	1.529 (1.068, 2.189)	1.412 (0.983, 2.028)	1.398 (0.963, 2.031)
10-15	32.38 (3.36)	2.096 (1.461, 3.006)	1.865 (1.286, 2.704)	1.849 (1.272, 2.688)
15-20	30.64 (4.09)	1.933 (1.247, 2.998)	1.497 (0.958, 2.340)	1.489 (0.959, 2.312)
≥ 20	54.03 (3.73)	5.144 (3.621, 7.306)	3.759 (2.609, 5.416)	3.765 (2.602, 5.449)
P for trend		< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Hemoglobin A1C (%)
< 6.5	24.36 (2.12)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
6.5-7	15.88 (1.61)	0.586 (0.429, 0.802)	0.587 (0.429, 0.803)	0.598 (0.436, 0.82)
7-8	25.89 (2.12)	1.085 (0.782, 1.505)	1.142 (0.822, 1.586)	1.193 (0.854, 1.666)
8-9	37.33 (4.01)	1.850 (1.233, 2.775)	2.141 (1.404, 3.263)	2.307 (1.493, 3.567)
9-10	49.03 (6.03)	2.988 (1.771, 5.040)	3.873 (2.282, 6.573)	4.588 (2.661, 7.911)
≥ 10	46.95 (5.91)	2.749 (1.639, 4.611)	4.588 (2.633, 7.994)	4.911 (2.795, 8.630)
P for trend		< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

¹Model 1 was adjusted for age and sex.

²Model 2 was adjusted for age, sex, regular exercise, and history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension and dyslipidemia.

OR: Odds ratio; 95%CI: 95% confidential interval.