Association of quantified cardiovascular health status with all-cause mortality risk in prediabetic patients

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the weighted study population classified by cardiovascular health status

Characteristics	Overall	CVH status (LE8 score)			P value
		High (80-100)	Moderate (50-79)	Low (0-49)
Weighted N	226 million	7.0 (15.8 million)	76.7 (173.3 million)	13.6 (36.9 million)
Age, years	52.86 (15.87)	44.73 (17.38)	53.24 (15.93)	54.58 (13.75)	< 0.001
Sex					0.008
Male	51.6 (116.6 million)	57.4 (9.1 million)	52.3 (90.7 million)	45.7 (16.8 million)
Female	48.4 (109.4 million)	42.6 (6.7 million)	47.7 (82.6 million)	54.3 (20 million)
Ethnicity					0.01
Black	15.1 (34 million)	11.0 (1.7 million)	14.7 (25.5 million)	18.3 (6.8 million)
Other	20.2 (45.6 million)	25.7 (4.1 million)	20.1 (34.9 million)	18.1 (6.7 million)
White	64.7 (146.3 million)	63.3 (10 million)	65.1 (112.9 million)	63.6 (23.4 million)
1PIR	2.97 (1.64)	3.30 (1.59)	3.05 (1.63)	2.34 (1.58)	< 0.001
2Drinker	59.4 (134.3 million)	53.6 (8.5 million)	59.0 (102.3 million)	63.9 (23.6 million)	0.049
3Smoker	48.6 (109.7 million)	21.7 (3.4 million)	45.3 (78.5 million)	75.4 (27.8 million)	< 0.001
BMI	30.14 (6.83)	24.80 (3.75)	29.72 (6.37)	34.40 (7.63)	< 0.001
Sleep duration, hours	6.77 (1.66)	7.20 (0.91)	6.82 (1.21)	6.35 (3.06)	< 0.001
Creatinine, mmol/L	0.89 (0.38)	0.87 (0.19)	0.90 (0.41)	0.87 (0.26)	0.151
Glucose, mmol/L	102.19 (20.34)	95.73 (10.04)	101.58 (18.67)	107.81 (28.36)	< 0.001
TC, mmol/L	196.91 (41.58)	175.14 (29.26)	194.84 (40.58)	216.00 (43.65)	< 0.001
SBP, mmHg	124.06 (17.00)	114.90 (12.86)	123.56 (16.29)	130.34 (19.41)	< 0.001
DBP, mmHg	69.95 (12.56)	67.58 (8.87)	69.57 (12.37)	72.73 (14.26)	< 0.001
CVD	9.3 (21 million)	7.2 (1.1 million)	8.7 (15.1 million)	13.0 (4.8 million)	0.006
Diabetes	17.8 (40.3 million)	0.7 (0.1 million)	16.1 (27.9 million)	33.3 (12.3 million)	< 0.001
Hypertension	38.1 (86.1 million)	14.2 (2.3 million)	37.6 (65.2 million)	50.4 (18.6 million)	< 0.001
Anemia	1.8 (4.1 million)	0.6 (0.1 million)	1.8 (3.1 million)	2.5 (0.9 million)	< 0.001
LE8	62.17 (12.03)	83.77 (3.16)	64.12 (8.02)	43.76 (4.91)	< 0.001

¹PIR: The rate of income to poverty.

²Drinker: Had at least 12 alcohol drinks in lifetime.

³Smoker: Smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the past.

Data are % (weighted N) for categorical measures or mean (SD) for continuous measures. The statistics in Table 1 take into account the complex sampling design of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and use fasting subsample weights (wtsaf10yr) to ensure that the results are nationally representative. Because the definition provided in the guidelines and previous studies includes a previous physician diagnosis of prediabetes, a small percentage of our patients (17.8%) will have diabetes. Because most people with prediabetes will progress to diabetes later in life, we kept this subset of patients to see how well LE8 works on them. CVH: Cardiovascular health; BMI: Body mass index; TC: Total cholesterol; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; LE8: Life's Essential 8.