Exercise training benefits pancreatic islet by modulating the insulin-like growth factor 1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway

Figure 4 Effect of diabetes and exercise on the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1. A: Measurement of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) mRNA levels through real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; B: Determination of IGF-1 protein levels through Western blot. ^bP < 0.01 vs the control sedentary group; ^dP < 0.05 vs the diabetic sedentary group. IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor 1; RT-qPCR: Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; GADPH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; D-Ex: The diabetic exercise group; D-Sed: The diabetic sedentary group; C-Ex: The control exercise group; C-Sed: The control sedentary group.