Exercise training benefits pancreatic islet by modulating the insulin-like growth factor 1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway

Figure 3 Impact of diabetes and exercise on islet β-cell. A: Microscopic measurement of islet β-cell area; B: Calculation of islet β-cell mass through the percentage of insulin-positive area multiplied by pancreatic weight; C: Determination of the size of individual islet β-cells by dividing the insulin-positive area by the number of nuclei counted in the corresponding insulin-positive structures. ^aP < 0.05 vs the control sedentary group; ^dP < 0.05 vs the diabetic sedentary group. D-Ex: The diabetic exercise group; D-Sed: The diabetic sedentary group; C-Ex: The control exercise group; C-Sed: The control sedentary group.