Zebrafish as a preclinical model for diabetes mellitus and its complications: From monogenic to gestational diabetes and beyond

Table 3 Characteristics of animal models for diabetes except for zebrafish

Animal model	Experimental cycles	Costs	Stability	Human similarity	Ref.
Pig	Long experimental cycles	Compared with other animals, increased experimental costs; larger breeding space required	High for experimental research	About 98%	[100]
Monkey	Long experimental cycles	Compared with other animals, increased experimental costs	Spontaneously develop diabetes, which interferes with experimental results	About 90%	[101]
Mouse	Short experimental cycles	Compared with other animals, lower experimental costs	Instability as there are innate immune differences between the two, adding uncertainty and risk to experimental research	About 95%	[9,102]
Dog	Long experimental cycles	High experimental costs	As they share the same environment as humans, they are naturally exposed to many risk factors	About 95%	[103]