Intracellular calcium channels: Potential targets for type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Table 1 Current commercial medications for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment

Classification	Medication	Target	Adverse reaction	Limitation
Insulin secretagogue	Glibenclamide	ATP-sensitive potassium channel	Hypoglycemia; weight gain; gastrointestinal disorders	Contraindicated in patients with sulfonamide allergies
	Tirzepatide	Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor	Risk of thyroid myeloid tumors	Contraindicated in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma or multiple endocrine neoplastic syndrome type 2
	Semaglutide		Risk of thyroid myeloid tumors
	Exenatide		Risk of pancreatitis
	Sitagliptin	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4	Risk of pancreatitis; metabolic and nutritional disorders	Contraindicated in patients with severe liver and kidney dysfunction
Non-insulin antidiabetic agent	Rosiglitazone	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ	Heart failure; risk of fractures	Contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation
	Acarbose	α-Glucosidase	Abdominal discomfort; flatulence	Contraindicated in patients with chronic gastrointestinal dysfunction
	Metformin	AMP-activated protein kinase	Risk of lactic acidosis; vitamin B12 deficiency	Contraindicated in patients with metabolic acidosis
	Canagliflozin	Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2	Polyuria and urinary tract infection; risk of diabetes ketoacidosis and amputations	Used with caution during urinary system infections