Characteristic dysbiosis in patients with type 2 diabetes and hyperuricemia, and the effect of empagliflozin on gut microbiota

Table 2 Anthropometric and biochemical data of patients received treatment of empagliflozin, mean ± SD

	Pre-empagliflozin (n = 9)	Post-empagliflozin (n = 9)	P value
Age (year), medians IQR	38.00 (34.00, 46.00)
Male, n (%)	8 (88.9)
BMI (kg/m2)	29.47 ± 3.34	28.14 ± 3.52	0.051
WHR	0.98 ± 0.04	0.96 ± 0.03	0.140
SBP (mmHg), medians IQR	122.00 (120.00, 124.00)	120.00 (119.00, 126.00)	0.171
DBP (mmHg)	77.67 ± 6.40	74.33 ± 7.45	0.224
FPG (mmol/L)	7.34 ± 1.44	7.13 ± 1.17	0.607
HbA1c (%), medians IQR	8.40 (7.90, 8.90)	6.60 (6.40, 6.90)	0.008
TG (mmol/L), medians IQR	2.81 (1.89, 3.20)	1.86 (1.62, 2.97)	0.051
TC (mmol/L)	5.21 ± 1.08	5.20 ± 0.97	0.981
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.82 ± 0.89	3.17 ± 0.76	0.231
HDL-C (mmol/L), medians IQR	0.87 (0.83, 1.18)	1.08 (0.87, 1.15)	0.342
Creatine (μmol/L)	62.56 ± 14.98	57.63 ± 10.23	0.271
UA (μmol/L), medians IQR	503.00 (477.00, 513.00)	370.50 (328.00, 423.00)	0.012

IQR: Interquartile ranges; HC: Healthy control; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; HUA: Hyperuricemia; BMI: Body mass index; WHR: Waist–hip circumference ratio; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; TG: Total triglycerides; TC: Total cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; UA: Uric acid.