Glabridin and gymnemic acid alleviates choroid structural change and choriocapillaris impairment in diabetic rat’s eyes

Figure 4 Optical density. A: The effect of glabridin and gymnemic acid on the immunoreactive cytokines of the choroidal layer in five groups of rats at 8 weeks. A representative graph presents the relative vascular endothelial growth factor optical density in the choroidal layer; B: The relative cluster of differentiation 31 optical density in choroidal layer was analyzed. ^aP < 0.01. ^bP < 0.001. ¹P calculated in the diabetic group when compared with the control, diabetic rats treated with glabridin 40 mg/kg body weight group, diabetic rats treated with gymnemic acid 400 mg/kg body weight group, and diabetic rats treated with glyburide 4 mg/kg body weight group. ²P calculated in the diabetic group when compared with the control group. VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; CD: Cluster of differentiation; DM: Diabetic; DM + GB: Diabetic rats treated with glabridin 40 mg/kg body weight; DM + GM: Diabetic rats treated with gymnemic acid 400 mg/kg body weight; DM + GR: Diabetic rats treated with glyburide 4 mg/kg body weight.