O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase regulates macrophage polarization in diabetic periodontitis: In vivo and in vitro study

Figure 6 O-GlcNAc transferase knockdown modulates M1/M2 polarization to decelerate diabetic periodontitis. A: Three-dimensional reconstruction images of the left maxillary bone. Alveolar bone loss is represented by the cementoenamel junction to alveolar bone crest (CEJ-ABC) distance (white lines); B: Quantification of CEJ-ABC distance. Bone-related parameters, including: C: Bone volume over tissue volume; D: Trabecular thickness; E: Trabecular spacing; F: Trabecular number; G: Bone mineral density, were quantified using micro-computed tomography analysis; H: Tartrate-resistant acid phosphate (TRAP) staining was performed to evaluate osteoclast differentiation. Scale bar: 200 μm; I: Quantitative analysis of TRAP-stained cells; J: The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and interleukin (IL)-6; K: IL-10 and arginase 1 was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; L: Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect cluster of differentiation (CD) 86 and CD206 levels. Scale bar: 50 μm; M and N: Quantitative analysis of CD86 and CD206 expression by immunohistochemical scores. ^aP < 0.05. ¹P vs control. ²P vs model + short hairpin RNA-negative control. sh-NC: Short hairpin RNA-negative control; sh-OGT: Short hairpin RNA targeting O-GlcNAc transferase; CON: Control; CEJ-ABC: Cementoenamel junction to alveolar bone crest; BV/TV: Bone volume ratio; Tb.Th: Trabecular thickness; Tb.Sp: Trabecular separation; Tb.N: Trabecular number; BMD: Bone mineral density; TRAP: Tartrate-resistant acid phosphate; iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase; IL: Interleukin; CD: Cluster of differentiation; IHC: Immunohistochemical.