Effects of glycemic indicators on early neurological outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis

Table 2 Demographics and clinical characteristics of the patients with acute ischemic stroke according to early neurological outcomes, mean ± standard deviation, n (%)

Characteristics	ENI group, n = 156	Neither ENI nor END group, n = 455	END group, n = 208	P value
Age in years	64.26 ± 11.28	67.94 ± 11.78	70.03 ± 11.88	< 0.001
Female	42 (26.9)	164 (36.0)	87 (41.8)	0.013
Coronary heart disease	23 (14.7)	64 (14.1)	36 (17.3)	0.552
Smoking	54 (34.6)	151 (33.2)	80 (38.5)	0.416
Drinking	43 (27.6)	110 (24.2)	58 (27.9)	0.508
Atrial fibrillation	43 (27.6)	61 (13.4)	33 (15.9)	< 0.001
History of TIA-S	29 (18.6)	104 (22.9)	48 (23.1)	0.501
Hypertension	85 (54.5)	276 (60.7)	145 (69.7)	0.010
Diabetes mellitus	51 (32.7)	150 (33.0)	77 (37.0)	0.554
Initial NIHSS, median (IQR)	6.5 (4, 11)	6 (3, 12)	10 (6, 16)	< 0.001
Stroke subtype				0.015
Large artery atherosclerosis	44 (28.2)	141 (31.0)	88 (42.3)
Small-artery disease	68 (43.6)	191 (42.0)	71 (34.1)
Cardioembolism	29 (18.6)	58 (12.7)	23 (11.1)
Others	15 (9.6)	65 (14.3)	26 (12.5)
Systolic blood pressure in mmHg	154.02 ± 25.15	156.39 ± 24.17	160.25 ± 22.44	0.038
Diastolic blood pressure in mmHg	91.17 ± 14.57	90.53 ± 13.73	90.75 ± 13.68	0.882
White blood cell counts as × 109	8.53 ± 2.95	8.30 ± 3.01	8.50 ± 2.88	0.528
Platelets as × 109	217.56 ± 67.24	205.75 ± 57.21	206.96 ± 62.37	0.103
Activated partial thromboplastin time in seconds	32.67 ± 4.17	32.93 ± 7.04	32.35 ± 5.57	0.525
Prothrombin time in seconds	13.44 ± 14.01	15.56 ± 19.17	13.03 ± 11.95	0.131
Total cholesterol in mmol/L	4.21 ± 1.19	4.18 ± 1.57	4.24 ± 1.24	0.863
Triglyceride in mmol/L	1.40 ± 0.84	1.71 ± 3.63	1.70 ± 3.45	0.577
Low-density lipoprotein in mmol/L	2.76 ± 0.90	2.85 ± 0.97	2.90 ± 0.84	0.326
High-density lipoprotein in mmol/L	1.19 ± 0.28	1.22 ± 0.49	1.19 ± 0.32	0.552
Door-to-needle treatment in minutes	29.46 ± 16.99	33.16 ± 21.84	33.10 ± 20.70	0.137
Onset-to-treatment in minutes	136.92 ± 45.03	144.71 ± 51.09	147.56 ± 50.26	0.117
Fasting blood glucose				< 0.001
First quartile: ≤ 5.09 mmol/L	51 (32.7)	119 (26.2)	33 (15.9)
Second quartile: 5.10-5.90 mmol/L	39 (25.0)	125 (27.5)	42 (20.2)
Third quartile: 5.91-7.66 mmol/L	37 (23.7)	111 (24.4)	57 (27.4)
Fourth quartile: > 7.67 mmol/L	29 (18.6)	100 (22.0)	76 (36.5)
Stress hyperglycemia ratio				< 0.001
First quartile: ≤ 0.85	37 (23.7)	137 (30.1)	29 (13.9)
Second quartile: 0.86-0.98	53 (34.0)	105 (23.1)	48 (23.1)
Third quartile: 0.99-1.16	35 (22.4)	116 (25.5)	54 (26.0)
Fourth quartile: > 1.16	31 (19.9)	97 (21.3)	77 (37.0)
Admission hyperglycemia	53 (34.0)	168 (36.9)	108 (51.9)	< 0.001

END: Early neurological deterioration; ENI: Early neurological improvement; IQR: Interquartile range; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; TIA-S: Transient ischemic attack and/or stroke.