Role of duodenal mucosal resurfacing in controlling diabetes in rats

Figure 4 Effects of the duodenal mucosal resurfacing procedure on the duodenal mucosal barrier function in type 2 diabetes rats. A: Protein extracts of duodenum were subjected to western blot analysis with antibodies to occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) or β-actin; B and C: The blots of occludin and ZO-1 were quantified using image J software and normalized to β-actin levels (n = 3 mice per group); D: Representative images of immunofluorescence staining for occludin (green), ZO-1 (red) and 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (blue) of duodenum (Scale bar = 50 μm); E and F: The relative fluorescence intensity of occludin and ZO-1 (n = 5 mice per group); G: Serum lipopolysaccharide levels of rats at postoperative weeks 3 and 6 (n = 6 mice per group). Data are presented as mean ± SE. ¹P < 0.05 vs normal control group. ²P < 0.01 vs normal control group. ³P < 0.001 vs normal control group. ⁴P < 0.05 vs type 2 diabetes-sham group. ⁵P < 0.01 vs type 2 diabetes-sham group. ⁶P < 0.001 vs type 2 diabetes-sham group. DMR: Duodenal mucosal resurfacing; T2D: Type 2 diabetes; NC: Normal control; LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; ZO-1: Zonula occludens-1; DAPI: 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole.