Dapagliflozin exerts anti-apoptotic effects by mitigating macrophage polarization via modulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway

Table 1 Secretion of inflammatory factors by the human monocyte cell line cells, mean ± SD

Groups	IL-6 content (pg/mL)	TNF-α content (pg/mL)	IL-1β content (pg/mL)
Normal control group	37.61 ± 17.33	64.93 ± 16.13	27.96 ± 1.93
LPS + IFN-γ	196.87 ± 5.041	105.01 ± 7.721	89.19 ± 3.351
LPS + IFN-γ + dapagliflozin	62.80 ± 22.122	71.08 ± 11.932	39.57 ± 3.362
LPS + IFN-γ + dapagliflozin + 740Y-P	158.54 ± 14.303	105.65 ± 7.853	53.81 ± 2.143

¹P < 0.05 vs normal control group.

²P < 0.05 vs lipopolysaccharides + interferon-γ.

³P < 0.05 vs lipopolysaccharides + interferon-γ + dapagliflozin.

LPS: Lipopolysaccharides; IFN-γ: Interferon-γ; 740Y-P: A PI3K/AKT signaling pathway agonist; IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor.