Distinguishing exocrine pancreas disease-associated diabetes from type 2 diabetes based on anthropometric and metabolic parameters

Table 2 Laboratory and metabolic parameters of the study groups

Parameter	PC + CP, n = 44		T2DM, n = 35		P value
	mean ± SD	Median (IQR)	mean ± SD	Median (IQR)
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)	7.22 ± 2.87	6.22 (5.36-8.00)	7.13 ± 1.99	6.50 (5.94-7.50)	0.341
Insulin (pmol/L)	76.81 ± 63.34	58.54 (37.78-98.06)	233.19 ± 164.51	185.76 (95.07-347.57)	< 0.001a
C-peptide (nmol/L)	0.81 ± 0.42	0.77 (0.47-1.07)	1.71 ± 0.80	1.69 (1.46-2.04)	< 0.001a
HOMA-IR	3.70 ± 3.25	2.67 (1.44-5.10)	11.21 ± 9.82	8.24 (3.73-15.14)	< 0.001a
Adrenomedullin (ng/mL)	0.41 ± 0.25	0.35 (0.23-0.50)	0.63 ± 0.38	0.51 (0.32-0.86)	0.004b
Adiponectin (μg/mL)	13.08 ± 7.20	11.58 (7.96-17.53)	8.28 ± 4.01	6.73 (5.71-10.01)	< 0.001a
Type 3c diabetes index	1.93 ± 0.63	1.87 (1.62-2.31)	3.04 ± 0.71	3.03 (2.50-3.55)	< 0.001a
Creatinine (μmol/L)	63.7 ± 41.6	55.7 (48.6-63.7)	75.1 ± 23.9	66.3 (59.2-76.0)	< 0.001a,c
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)	100.53 ± 21.60	100.10 (95.25-110.23)	85.14 ± 19.24	91.00 (74.60-98.00)	< 0.001a

^aP < 0.001.

^bP < 0.01.

^cStatistical power < 0.800.

IQR: Interquartile range; CP: Chronic pancreatitis; PC: Pancreatic cancer; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; eGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor.