Islet β-cell function preservation by different anti-diabetic treatments in Chinese elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Table 3 Comparisons of β-cell function before and after anti-diabetic treatments

	Insulin	OAD	Insulin + OAD	P value
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)
Before	8.34 ± 2.69	6.91 ± 2.9	9.11 ± 4.3	0.023
After	7.62 ± 3.18	6.39 ± 2.7	7.99 ± 3.3	< 0.001
P value	0.876	0.941	0.475
Postprandial glucose (mmol/L)
Before	11.8 ± 4.9	12.2 ± 4.5	13.6 ± 5.3	0.019
After	12.6 ± 5.7	11.7 ± 3.9	12.7 ± 5.2	0.009
P value	0.295	0.975	0.169
HbA1c (%)
Before	8.6 ± 2.8	7.8 ± 2.3	9.6 ± 2.6	0.018
After	8.1 ± 2.2	7.7 ± 2.0	9.2 ± 2.3	< 0.001
P value	0.047	0.024	0.246
AUC glucose (mmol/L/h)
Before	43.5 (35.8-50.1)	40.5 (32.3-49.6)	46.6 (35.2-57.3)	0.031
After	42.6 (30.6-52.8)	39.5 (33.1-48.6)	45.3 (35.0-60.2)	0.003
P value	0.621	0.758	0.384
Fasting C peptide (nmol/L/h)
Before	0.64 (0.46-1.0)	0.8 (0.5-1.12)	0.58 (0.4-0.88)	0.002
After	0.51 (0.37-0.79)	0.71 (0.63-1.24)	0.47 (0.35-0.79)	< 0.001
P value	0.002	0.026	< 0.001
AUC C peptide (nmol/L/h)
Before	4.45 (2.73-5.81)	5.52 (3.65-8.06)	3.74 (2.16-5.42)	< 0.001
After	3.85 (3.32-5.22)	4.92 (4.28-8.02)	3.1 (2.04-4.73)	< 0.001
P value	0.153	0.294	0.047
AUC C peptide/glucose
Before	0.1 (0.06-0.17)	0.14 (0.08-0.23)	0.08 (0.05-0.125)	< 0.001
After	0.08 (0.04-0.13)	0.15 (0.1-0.21)	0.07 (0.05-0.1)	< 0.001
P value	0.532	0.735	0.405

Data were presented as absolute number, mean ± SD or median with interquartile range. P value was derived from the One-Way ANOVA or Kruskal-Waillis test among the three groups. OAD: Oral anti-diabetes drugs; HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin; AUC: Area under the curve.