Association of the glycemic background patterns and the diabetes management efficacy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes

doi:10.4239/wjd.v16.i1.98322

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Diabetes. Jan 15, 2025; 16(1): 98322
Published online Jan 15, 2025. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i1.98322

Table 6 Comparison of clinical outcomes at baseline and 12 months for each group

	Group 1 differences (n = 23)	P value	Cohen’s d effect size	Group 2 differences (n = 28)	P value	Cohen’s d effect size	Group 3 differences (n = 32)	P value	Cohen’s d effect size	Group 4 differences (n = 49)	P value	Cohen’s d effect size
Weight (kg)	-3.7	0.476¹	0.2	0.5	0.273²	0.0	0.5	0.562²	0.0	-1.8	0.120²	0.1
BMI (kg/m²)	-0.5	0.436¹	0.1	-0.1	0.862¹	0.0	0.2	0.544¹	0.0	-0.2	0.469¹	0.0
Waist circumference (cm)	2.5	0.984²	0.0	1.7	0.950¹	0.2	-1.0	0.665²	0.2	-1.3	0.662¹	0.1
Glucose (mg/dL)	-169.1	0.000^a^,¹	2.6	-121.4	0.000^a^,¹	1.9	-80.5	0.000 ^a^,²	1.1	-47.5	0.003^a^,²	0.5
LDL-C (mg/dL)	-23.7	0.029^a^,¹	0.7	-28.5	0.095¹	0.5	-9.1	0.135¹	0.3	-20.1	0.147¹	0.5
HDL-C (mg/dL)	6.0	0.026^a^,²	0.4	6.4	0.000^a^,¹	0.5	1.5	0.331¹	0.1	-2.0	0.659²	0.0
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	-79	0.000^a^,¹	0.7	-15.0	0.438²	0.2	-24.0	0.006^a^,²	0.3	-29.0	0.006^a^,²	0.4
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	-24.	0.002^a^,²	1.0	-28.2	0.041^a^,¹	0.4	-17.3	0.011^a^,¹	0.4	-26.0	0.005^a^,²	0.6
C-peptide (ng/mL)	0.0	0.784²	0.3	0.1	0.927¹	0.1	-0.3	0.144¹	0.2	-0.1	0.692²	0.0
HbA1c (%)	-6.8	0.000^a^,¹	4.5	-3.8	0.000 ^a^,²	2.6	-3.6	0.000^a^,²	2.2	-1.7	0.000^a^,²	1.3

^aP < 0.05.

Differences denote values obtained after 12 months subtracted from baseline measurements.

¹P for normally distributed data, mean differences are presented.

²P in cases of non-normal distribution, median differences are utilized.

BMI: Body mass index; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin.

Citation: Erbakan AN, Arslan Bahadır M, Kaya FN, Güleç B, Vural Keskinler M, Aktemur Çelik Ü, Faydalıel Ö, Mesçi B, Oğuz A. Association of the glycemic background patterns and the diabetes management efficacy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(1): 98322
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v16/i1/98322.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v16.i1.98322