Clinical Trials Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Diabetes. Jan 15, 2025; 16(1): 95209
Published online Jan 15, 2025. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i1.95209
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants, n (%)/mean ± SD
Characteristic
Patients (n = 21)
Age (year)59.1 ± 12.6
Male, No. patients8 (38.1)
BMI (kg/m2)24.5 ± 3.5
WC (cm)90.9 ± 9.6
WHR0.9 ± 0.1
SBP (mmHg)126.1 ± 18.7
DBP (mmHg)74.8 ± 8.0
HR (bpm)79.9 ± 11.8
Smoking, No. patients5 (23.8)
Alcohol drinking, No. patients4 (19.0)
Duration of diabetes (year)
< 103 (14.3)
10-2010 (47.6)
> 208 (38.1)
Baseline insulin regimen, No. patients
Three times-daily premixed insulin1 (4.8)
Basal–bolus insulin20 (95.2)
Duration of insulin therapy (year)
< 59 (42.9)
5-106 (28.6)
> 106 (28.6)
Oral antidiabetic medicine, No. patients
Metformin8 (38.1)
α-Glucosidase inhibitor8 (38.1)
DPP-4 inhibitor4 (19.0)
SGLT2 inhibitor5 (23.8)
Complications, No. patients
Retinopathy8 (38.1)
Nephropathy11 (52.4)
Comorbidity, No. patients
CVD4 (19.0)
Stroke2 (9.5)