Non-linear relationship between age and subfoveal choroidal thickness in Chinese patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Table 2 Univariate linear regression analysis of subfoveal choroidal thickness measurements by enhanced depth imaging-optical coherence tomography

	β, 95%CI	P value
Male vs female	31.08 (9.81 to 52.36)	0.0046
Age, per 1-year increase	-2.44 (-3.46 to -1.42)	< 0.0001
Education level
Junior high school or below	Reference
Senior high school	-19.95 (-48.87 to 8.97)	0.1778
College or above	2.39 (-25.48 to 30.26)	0.8666
SBP, per 1 mmHg increase	0.42 (-0.11 to 0.95)	0.1222
DBP, per 1 mmHg increase	1.27 (0.26 to 2.27)	0.0141
Height, per 1 cm increase	1.74 (0.41 to 3.08)	0.0111
Weight, per 1 cm increase	1.17 (0.17 to 2.17)	0.0234
BMI, per 1 kg/m2 increase	1.96 (-1.63 to 5.55)	0.2865
Duration of diabetes, per 1-year increase	-0.40 (-1.99 to 1.20)	0.6269
Hypertension vs absent	-2.97 (-24.42 to 18.48)	0.7862
Diabetic nephropathy history vs absent	40.23 (13.83 to 66.64)	0.0031
Stroke history vs absent	2.07 (-46.41 to 50.55)	0.9333
Anemia vs absent	12.80 (-10.31 to 35.91)	0.2788
Heart disease vs absent	-19.42 (-67.84 to 28.99)	0.4325
PRP
None	Reference
Partial	4.02 (-24.99 to 33.03)	0.7861
Whole	31.00 (7.32 to 54.69)	0.0109
Anti-VEGF therapy vs absent	30.55 (6.24 to 54.86)	0.0145
Insulin vs absent	23.81 (2.63 to 44.99)	0.0286
Oral glucose-lowering drugs vs absent	-28.96 (-53.31 to -4.62)	0.0205
Calcium antagonists vs absent	40.49 (14.86 to 66.13)	0.0022
Visual acuity, per 1 LogMAR increase	-12.24 (-32.49 to 8.01)	0.2374
IOP, per 1 mmHg increase	2.27 (-0.32 to 4.86)	0.0876
Fasting blood glucose, per 1 mmol/L increase	-2.34 (-6.06 to 1.39)	0.2201
Serum urea nitrogen, per 1 mmol/L increase	1.63 (-0.81 to 4.06)	0.1910
Serum creatinine, per 1 μmol/L increase	0.08 (0.02 to 0.14)	0.0092
eGFR, per 1 mL/minutes × 1.73m2 increase	-0.15 (-0.50 to 0.20)	0.3938
Uric acid, per 1 mmol/L	-0.01 (-0.14 to 0.11)	0.8322
Triglyceride, per 1 mmol/L increase	-3.01 (-24.36 to 18.34)	0.7828
Total cholesterol, per 1 mmol/L increase	-16.08 (-29.25 to -2.91)	0.0181
HDL-C, per 1 mmol/L increase	-42.66 (-81.44 to -3.89)	0.0329
LDL-C, per 1 mmol/L increase	-15.27 (-30.72 to 0.17)	0.0548
HbA1c, per 1 % increase	-5.36 (-16.77 to 6.04)	0.3590
CMT, per 1 μm increase	0.02 (-0.06 to 0.11)	0.5839
Ocular axial length, per 1 mm increase	-18.57 (-34.96 to -2.18)	0.0282

CI: Confidence interval; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; BMI: Body mass index; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; logMAR: Logarithmic minimum resolution angle; IOP: Intraocular pressure; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; CMT: Central macular thickness; SFCT: Subfoveal choroidal thickness; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; PRP: Pan-retinal photocoagulation.