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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Diabetes. Sep 15, 2024; 15(9): 1874-1888
Published online Sep 15, 2024. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i9.1874
Table 2 Effects of diabetic medications on gut microbiome
Medication
Effects on microbiome
Observed outcomes
Metformin[45]Enhances SCFA production, normalizes Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratioIncreased GLP-1 levels, improved insulin secretion
Sulfonylureas[46,47]Conflicting data on impactVariable influence on microbiome, potential increase in phenylalanine and tryptophan levels
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors[48]Increases nutrient availability for beneficial bacteriaGrowth of beneficial microbes like Bacteroides, improvement in T2DM prognostic factors
GLP-1 agonists[49,50]Changes in gastric emptying rates influence microbiotaReduction in obesity-promoting organisms, increase in beneficial microbes like Bifidobacterium
SGLT-2 inhibitors[51]Alters microbial ratios favorablyReduction in Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio, enhanced fatty acid production