Intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1: A new player associated with impaired counterregulatory responses to hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetic mice

Figure 3 Intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 regulates plasma glucagon levels through endocrine pathways. A: Changes in plasma glucagon (GCG) levels measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); B: Alterations in plasma GCG levels measured by ELISA after terminal ileal infusion in diabetic mice with five hypoglycaemic episodes (DH5); C: Changes in plasma GCG-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels measured by ELISA; D: Alterations in plasma GCG levels measured by ELISA after intraperitoneal injection in the DH5 group. All the data are presented as the mean ± SE. ^aP < 0.01 vs diabetic mice; ^bP < 0.01 vs diabetic mice with a single hypoglycemic episode; ^cP < 0.01 vs control group; ^dP < 0.01 vs group receiving intraperitoneal GLP-1(7-36) injections; DM: Diabetic mice; DH1: Diabetic mice with a single hypoglycemic episode; DH5: Diabetic mice with five hypoglycaemic episodes; GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1; GCG: Glucagon.