Association between composite dietary antioxidant index and stroke among individuals with diabetes

Table 1 Characteristics of subjects with or without stroke

Characteristics	Total, n = 6735	Non-stroke, n = 6124	Stroke, n = 611	P value
Age in years	59.5 ± 13.6	58.8 ± 13.6	67.4 ± 10.7	< 0.001
Sex				0.156
Male	51.5	51.8	48.7
Female	48.5	48.2	51.3
Race				< 0.001
Non-Hispanic White	60.7	60.3	65.0
Non-Hispanic Black	15.4	15.2	17.2
Mexican American	9.8	10.1	6.4
Other Hispanic	5.7	6.0	2.5
Other race	8.4	8.4	8.8
Education				< 0.001
Lower than high school	10.6	10.4	13.2
High school	39.4	38.6	48.1
Higher than high school	50.0	51.0	38.6
Marital status				0.053
Married/living with partner	62.5	63.3	54.7
Widowed/divorced/separated	27.9	26.8	40.1
Never married	9.6	10.0	5.2
Poverty income ratio				< 0.001
≤ 1.30	26.2	25.5	33.1
1.3 to ≤ 3.5	39.7	39.1	47.3
> 3.5	34.1	35.4	19.6
Smoking status				0.007
Nonsmoker	48.6	49.2	42.7
Former smoker	34.7	34.4	37.1
Current smoker	16.7	16.4	20.2
Alcohol use				0.002
No	33.3	32.7	40.1
Yes	66.7	67.3	59.9
Energy intake, kcal	1940.82 ± 900.52	1967.09 ± 909.80	1655.64 ± 734.62	< 0.001
BMI in kg/m2				0.429
< 25.0	11.77	11.77	11.86
25 to < 30	25.68	25.88	23.36
≥ 30	62.55	62.35	64.78
Hypertension				< 0.001
No	34.3	36.0	16.4
Yes	65.7	64.1	83.6
Hypercholesterolemia				0.002
No	38.6	39.1	32.5
Yes	61.4	60.9	67.5
CDAI	0.28 ± 3.97	0.38 ± 4.01	-0.77 ± 3.29	< 0.001

Data are presented as mean (SD) or n (%). BMI: Body mass index; CDAI: Composite dietary antioxidant index.