Autoantibodies against beta cells to predict early insulin requirements in pediatric patients with clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes

Table 3 Demographic characteristics by autoimmunity

Variable	At the time of diagnosis	NID		P value	At the time of diagnosis	ID		P value
	NID (n = 64)	(Ab+) (n = 16)	(Ab-) (n = 48)		ID (n = 68)	(Ab+) (n = 27)	(A-) (n = 41)
Sex (F) (%)		8 (50.0)	26 (54.1)	0.77		16 (59.2)	21 (51.2)	0.51
Age (years)	12.9 ± 0.7	15.9 ± 1.4	16.0 ± 1.3	0.87	13.1 ± 0.9	16.1 ± 1.4	15.7 ± 1.4	0.3
Weight (kg)	68.9 ± 13.9	67.2 ± 11.2	73.9 ± 9.6	0.04	74.6 ± 10.5	73.6 ± 8.4	75.0 ± 10.6	0.57
Height (cm)	159.2 ± 6.0	161.7 ± 7.6	165.7 ± 5.9	0.03	162.2 ± 5.96	165.9 ± 6.2	166.0 ± 6.5	0.95
BMI (kg/m2)	26.0 ± 5.0	24.8 ± 3.3	25.0 ± 4.0	0.81	26.6 ± 4.2	25.6 ± 2.5	25.4 ± 3.5	0.85
BMI z-score	1.61 ± 0.6	1.25 ± 0.4	1.38 ± 0.4	0.31	1.68 ± 0.4	1.40 ± 0.3	1.46 ± 0.4	0.52
WC (cm)	92.6 ± 9.4	85.9 ± 9.5	85.1 ± 11.1	0.91	94.6 ± 10.8	89.0 ± 7.1	89.1 ± 10.0	0.95
WHtR (cm)	0.56 ± 0.06	0.53 ± 0.05	0.51 ± 0.07	0.47	0.56 ± 0.06	0.53 ± 0.03	0.53 ± 0.50	0.94
SBP (mmHg)	112 ± 12.2	109.8 ± 10.0	110.5 ± 11.0	0.82	18 ± 14.6	112.3 ± 13.2	113.2 ± 10.6	0.75
DBP (mmHg)	74.5 ± 8.4	70.7 ± 7.0	70.6 ± 8.1	0.96	78.8 ± 9.2	73.1 ± 10.2	73.5 ± 8.2	0.86
DD (years)		4.76 ± 0.95	4.72 ± 0.09	0.87		4.38 ± 0.82	4.19 ± 0.73	0.34

NID: No insulin dependence; ID: Insulin dependent; Ab: Antibodies; BMI: Body mass index; WC: Waist circumference; WHtR: Waist-to-height ratio; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; DD: Diabetes duration in years.