Network pharmacology and molecular dynamics study of the effect of the Astragalus-Coptis drug pair on diabetic kidney disease

Figure 3 Protein-protein interaction network. A: The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of common targets; B: The PPI network, commonly targeted, was optimized using Cytoscape 3.10.1; C: Cluster analysis-based construction of a PPI network utilizing MCODE plugin; D: The central core PPI network consisted of 48 nodes and 707 edges, wherein 10 nodes exhibiting an orange-to-purple gradient symbolized key targets associated with Astragalus-Coptis drug pair combination for treating diabetic kidney disease. Node sizes were proportionate to target degrees in the network.