Heyingwuzi formulation alleviates diabetic retinopathy by promoting mitophagy via the HIF-1α/BNIP3/NIX axis

Figure 3 Mitophagy of human retinal capillary endothelial cells analysis. A: Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction detection results of relative BNIP3, FUNDC1, NIX, PARKIN, PINK1, and HIF-1α mRNA expression levels; B: Western blotting analyzed the protein levels of light chain 3 (LC3)-I, LC3-II, and vascular endothelial cell growth factor. Compared with the high glucose (hg) group, ^aP value < 0.05, ^bP value < 0.01; compared with the hg + negative serum group, ^cP value < 0.05, ^dP value < 0.01. HYWZF: Heying wuzi formulation; NEG: Negative serum; hg: High glucose; VEGF: Vascular endothelial cell growth factor.