Unraveling the biological link between diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer: Insights and implications

Table 1 The relationship between diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer

DM and PCa	Main point	Ref.
DM is a protective factor of PCa	This publication discusses the potential protective effects of diabetes against PCa, focusing on the role of diabetes-related microvascular complications	Zhang and Hu[18], 2010
	This article reviews the epidemiological evidence regarding the reduced risk of PCa in diabetic individuals, offering insights into potential mechanisms	Pierce[19], 2012
	This population-based case-control study examines the association between T2DM, antidiabetic medication, and the risk of PCa	Lin et al[20], 2020
DM is a high-risk factor for PCa	This approach improved the accuracy in estimating the relationship between diabetes and the incidence of PCa	Yuan et al[5], 2023
	The study employed the Cox model and competing risks methods to estimate hazard ratios for various subtypes of PCa	Piffoux et al[21], 2021
	The study discusses the common risk factors for diabetes and how aspects frequently seen in diabetic patients, such as hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, impact the risk of developing PCa	Sousa et al[22], 2022

T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; PCa: Prostate cancer.