Evaluation of left ventricular systolic function in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without peripheral vascular disease

Table 2 Echocardiographic parameters among normal controls, type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without peripheral vascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with peripheral vascular disease

Echocardiographic parameters	Normal controls (n = 63)	T2DM without PVD (n = 65)	T2DM with PVD (n = 57)	P value
LAd, mm	34.42 ± 2.76	35.47 ± 3.25	36.17 ± 3.82a	0.015
IVSd, mm	9.39 ± 0.74	9.20 ± 0.97	9.27 ± 0.97	0.477
LVPWd, mm	9.05 ± 0.77	8.98 ± 0.99	9.13 ± 1.06	0.685
LVDd, mm	46.35 ± 2.97	45.42 ± 3.60	46.60 ± 3.24	0.110
LVEDV, mL	76.76 ± 14.89	74.02 ± 16.74	78.04 ± 15.98	0.358
LVESV, mL	26.75 ± 6.53	26.12 ± 7.13	26.63 ± 6.47	0.857
LVEF, %	65.19 ± 3.98	64.98 ± 3.39	65.81 ± 4.16	0.478
MAPSE, mm	14.44 ± 1.49	14.16 ± 1.85	13.23 ± 1.87a,b	0.001
E, m/s	0.84 ± 0.13	0.75 ± 0.15a	0.79 ± 0.13a	0.001
A, m/s	0.70 ± 0.15	0.74 ± 0.18	0.81 ± 0.17a,b	0.002
E/A	1.24 ± 0.28	1.08 ± 0.34a	1.01 ± 0.27a	< 0.001
e′, m/s	0.11 ± 0.02	0.09 ± 0.02a	0.09 ± 0.02a	< 0.001
E/e′	8.09 ± 1.54	8.66 ± 1.53	9.45 ± 1.92a,b	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05, indicates significantly different when type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients without peripheral vascular disease (PVD) or T2DM patients with PVD compared with the normal controls.

^bP < 0.05, indicates significantly different when T2DM patients with PVD compared with T2DM patients without PVD.

LAd: Left atrial diameter; IVSd: Interventricular septal wall thickness in end-diastolic period; LVPWd: Left ventricular posterior wall thickness in end-diastolic period; LVDd: Left ventricular diameter in end-diastolic period; LVEDV: Left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV: Left ventricular end-systolic volume; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; MAPSE: Mitral annular plane systolic excursion; E: Peak velocity during early diastole of anterior mitral leaflet; A: Peak velocity during late diastole of anterior mitral leaflet; e′: Peak early diastolic annular velocities using TDI by averaging the values at the septum and lateral positions; PVD: Peripheral vascular disease; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.