Evaluating new biomarkers for diabetic nephropathy: Role of α2-macroglobulin, podocalyxin, α-L-fucosidase, retinol-binding protein-4, and cystatin C

Table 5 Optimal diagnostic cut-off points and their sensitivity and specificity for various indicators

Indicators	Optimal diagnostic cut-off points	Sensitivity	Specificity	Youden index
UACR	29.50	0.95	0.98	0.93
eGFR	74.41	0.96	0.58	0.54
CysC	1.11	0.54	0.99	0.53
RBP-4	56.90	0.45	0.98	0.43
U-α2-MG/UCr	3.90	0.55	0.99	0.54
U-PCX/UCr	4.81	0.84	0.75	0.59
U-AFU/UCr	0.18	0.63	0.92	0.55
U-α2-MG/UCr + U-PCX/UCr	-	0.86	0.76	0.62
U-PCX/UCr + U-AFU/UCr	-	0.75	0.86	0.61
U-α2-MG/UCr + U-AFU/UCr	-	0.68	0.90	0.58
U-α2-MG/UCr + U-PCX/UCr + U-AFU/UCr	-	0.89	0.75	0.64

α2-MG: α2-macroglobulin; PCX: Podocalysin; AFU: α-L-fucosidase; RBP-4: Retinol binding protein-4; CysC: Cystatin C; UACR: Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate.