Evaluating new biomarkers for diabetic nephropathy: Role of α2-macroglobulin, podocalyxin, α-L-fucosidase, retinol-binding protein-4, and cystatin C

Table 4 Evaluation of area under the curve and its 95% confidence interval for various indicators

Indicators waiting to be measured	AUC	Standard error	P value	95% confidence interval
UACR	0.97	0.01	< 0.001	(0.95, 1.00)
eGFR	0.77	0.03	< 0.001	(0.70, 0.84)
CysC	0.80	0.03	< 0.001	(0.75, 0.86)
RBP-4	0.76	0.03	< 0.001	(0.69, 0.82)
U-α2-MG/UCr	0.83	0.03	< 0.001	(0.78, 0.89)
U-PCX/UCr	0.86	0.03	< 0.001	(0.81, 0.91)
U-AFU/UCr	0.79	0.03	< 0.001	(0.73, 0.85)
U-α2-MG/UCr + U-PCX/UCr	0.88	0.03	< 0.001	(0.83, 0.93)
U-PCX/UCr + U-AFU/UCr	0.88	0.03	< 0.001	(0.84, 0.93)
U-α2-MG/UCr + U-AFU/UCr	0.86	0.03	< 0.001	(0.80, 0.91)
U-α2-MG/UCr + U-PCX/UCr + U-AFU/UCr	0.89	0.03	< 0.001	(0.85, 0.94)

α2-MG: α2-macroglobulin; PCX: Podocalysin; AFU: α-L-fucosidase; RBP-4: Retinol binding protein-4; CysC: Cystatin C; UACR: Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; AUC: Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.