Evaluating new biomarkers for diabetic nephropathy: Role of α2-macroglobulin, podocalyxin, α-L-fucosidase, retinol-binding protein-4, and cystatin C

Table 3 Partial correlation analysis between cystatin C, retinol-binding protein-4, U-α2- macroglobulin, U-podocalyxin, U-α-L-fucosidase, and clinical indicators

Indicator	CysC		RBP-4		U-α2-MG/UCr		U-PCX/UCr		U-AFU/UCr
	r	P value	r	P value	r	P value	r	P value	r	P value
UACR	0.730	< 0.001	0.625	< 0.001	0.805	< 0.001	0.639	< 0.001	0.780	< 0.001
eGFR	-0.816	< 0.001	-0.702	< 0.001	-0.711	< 0.001	-0.604	< 0.001	-0.742	< 0.001
CysC	1.000	-	0.693	< 0.001	0.710	< 0.001	0.645	< 0.001	0.692	< 0.001
RBP-4	0.693	< 0.001	1.000	-	0.530	< 0.001	0.432	< 0.001	0.588	< 0.001
U-α2-MG/UCr	0.710	< 0.001	0.530	< 0.001	1.000	-	0.820	< 0.001	0.874	< 0.001
U-PCX/UCr	0.645	< 0.001	0.432	< 0.001	0.820	< 0.001	1.000	-	0.746	< 0.001
U-AFU/UCr	0.692	< 0.001	0.588	< 0.001	0.874	< 0.001	0.746	< 0.001	1.000	-
Scr	0.953	< 0.001	0.680	< 0.001	0.755	< 0.001	0.645	< 0.001	0.715	< 0.001
Urea	0.799	< 0.001	0.651	< 0.001	0.657	< 0.001	0.568	< 0.001	0.703	< 0.001
UTP/24 h	0.665	< 0.001	0.506	< 0.001	0.740	< 0.001	0.523	< 0.001	0.743	< 0.001
NLR	0.417	< 0.001	0.167	0.018	0.311	< 0.001	0.299	< 0.001	0.313	< 0.001
hs-CRP	0.067	0.343	0.079	0.267	0.094	0.186	0.111	0.118	0.087	0.222

Gender and age were adjusted. α2-MG: α2-macroglobulin; PCX: Podocalysin; AFU: α-L-fucosidase; RBP-4: Retinol binding protein-4; CysC: Cystatin C; UACR: Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; hs-CRP: Hypersensitive c-reactive protein; Urea: Urea nitrogen; SCr: Serum creatinine; UTP/24 h: Urinary total protein/24 h; NLR: Neutrophilic-to-lymphoid ratio.