Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and the risk of infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials

Table 1 Characteristics of studies and participants in meta-analysis

Trials	No. of patients	Treatment duration	Population	Mean age (yr)	No. (%) of females	Mean BMI (kg/m2)	Mean HbA1c (%)	DPP-4 inhibitors treatment	Comparators
EXAMINE (2013) (NCT00968708)[22]	5380	18 months	T2DM with OAD; with acute coronary syndrome	61	1729 (32.1)	28.7	8.0	Alogliptin 25 mg	Placebo
SAVOR-TIMI 53 (2013) (NCT01107886)[23]	16492	2.1 yr	T2DM with established CVD or multiple risk factors for vascular disease	65.1	5455 (33.1)	31.1	8.0	Saxagliptin 5 mg	Placebo
TECOS (2015) (NCT00790205)[24]	14540	3 yr	T2DM with established CVD; with one or two OAD; aged ≥ 50 yr	65.4	4297 (29.3)	30.2	7.2	Sitagliptin 100 mg	Placebo
MK-3102-018 (2017) (NCT01703208)[25]	4192	96 wk	T2DM with a history of established CVD; aged ≥ 40 yr	63.7	1254 (29.8)	31.3	8.0	Omarigliptin 25 mg	Placebo
CARMELINA (2018) (NCT01897532)[27]	6979	2.2 yr	T2DM with inadequate glycemic control; with high CV and renal risk	65.8	2589 (37.1)	31.4	7.9	Linagliptin 5 mg	Placebo
CAROLINA (2019) (NCT01243424)[26]	6033	6.3 yr	T2D with high cardiovascular risk	64	2414 (40.0)	30.1	7.2	Linagliptin 5 mg	Glimepiride

BMI: Body mass index; DPP-4: Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4; OAD: Oral antidiabetic drugs; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; CV: Cardiovascular; HbA1c: Hemoglobin.