Icariin accelerates bone regeneration by inducing osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling in rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Figure 6 Icariin accelerated bone regeneration by inducing osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in type 1 diabetes mellitus rats. A-C: Immunohistochemical results of osteocalcin (OCN) (A), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) (B), and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (CD31) (C) in the defect area at week 2 (scale bars: 100 μm); D-F: Immunohistochemical results of OCN (D), VEGFA (E), and CD31 (F) in the defect area at week 4 (scale bars: 100 μm); G: CD31 and endomucin (EMCN) double immunofluorescence staining in the defect area at week 2 (scale bar: 100 μm); H: CD31 and EMCN double immunofluorescence staining in the defect area at week 4 (scale bar: 100 μm); I: Sequential fluorescent labeling (scale bar: 10 μm); J: Quantitative analysis of mineral apposition rate. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 8). ^bP < 0.01 vs the control group; ^dP < 0.01 vs the type 1 diabetes mellitus group. ICA: Icariin; Con: Control; T1DM: Type 1 diabetes mellitus; OCN: Osteocalcin; VEGFA: Vascular endothelial growth factor A; CD31: Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1.