Icariin accelerates bone regeneration by inducing osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling in rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Figure 5 Icariin improved bone repair capacity by promoting osteogenesis in type 1 diabetes mellitus rats. A and B: Three-dimensional reconstruction images of the defect area at week 2 (A) and week 4 (B) (scale bars: 1 mm); C and D: Hematoxylin and eosin staining of the defect area at week 2 (C) and week 4 (B) (scale bars: 200 μm); E and F: Masson’s trichrome staining of the defect area at week 2 (E) and week 4 (F) (scale bars: 200 μm); G: Micron-scale computed tomography analysis of bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) at weeks 2 and 4. Data are mean ± SEM of the mean (n = 8). ^bP < 0.01 vs the control group; ^dP < 0.01 vs the type 1 diabetes mellitus group. ICA: Icariin; Con: Control; T1DM: Type 1 diabetes mellitus.