Icariin accelerates bone regeneration by inducing osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling in rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Figure 2 Icariin enhanced the expression of osteogenesis-related markers. A: Expression levels of osteogenesis-related genes [alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1)] in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) following treatment with icariin (ICA); B: Protein expression levels of ALP and OCN by Western blot; C: Expression of ALP by immunofluorescence (scale bar: 100 μm); D: Expression of OCN by immunofluorescence (scale bar: 100 μm). Data are mean ± SEM (n = 5). ^bP < 0.01 vs control group; ^cP < 0.05 and ^dP < 0.01 vs 1 μM ICA group. ICA: Icariin; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; OCN: Osteocalcin; RUNX2: Runt-related transcription factor 2; COL1A1: Collagen type I alpha 1; qRT-PCR: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.