Icariin accelerates bone regeneration by inducing osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling in rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Figure 1 Icariin promoted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. A: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) surface markers were detected by flow cytometry; B: Icariin (ICA) chemical structure; C: The effect of ICA on BMSC proliferation was measured by the cell counting kit-8 assay; D: Representative images of the colony-forming unit (CFU) assay to determine the effect of ICA on BMSC proliferation; E: Quantification of the CFU assay; F: Representative images of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining (scale bar: 250 μm); G: ALP activity detection; H: Representative images of alizarin red S (ARS) staining (scale bar: 250 μm); I: Semi-quantitative result of ARS staining. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 5). ^aP < 0.05 and ^bP < 0.01 vs control group; ^cP < 0.05 and ^dP < 0.01 vs 1 μM ICA group. ICA: Icariin.