Application of three-dimensional speckle tracking technique in measuring left ventricular myocardial function in patients with diabetes

Table 1 General data and quality evaluation of the included studies

Ref.	Country	Instrument	Groups	Number	Gender (male/female, n)	Age (yr)	3D-STI parameters and LVEF	NOS score
Tadic et al[4], 2015	Serbia	GE Vivid E7	DM	50	26/24	52.00 ± 8.00	GLS, GCS, GRS, GAS, LVEF	8
			NC	50	24/26	50.00 ± 7.00
Wang et al[5], 2015	China	GE Vivid E9	DM	46	24/22	63.10 ± 9.80	GLS, GCS, GRS, GAS, LVEF	7
			NC	40	21/19	65.50 ± 5.90
Zhang et al[6], 2013	China	GE Vivid E9	DM-a1	31	15/16	61.00 ± 9.00	GLS, GCS, GRS, GAS, LVEF	8
			DM-b1	37	21/16	60.00 ± 10.00
			NC	63	30/33	58.00 ± 10.00
Enomoto et al[7], 2016	Japan	Aplio-ArtidaTM	DM	77	53/24	56.00 ± 15.00	GLS, GRS, GCS, LVEF	7
			NC	35	18/17	52.00 ± 16.00
Wang et al[8], 2015	China	GE Vivid E9	DM-a2	36	18/18	64.40 ± 7.90	GLS, GRS, GCS, GAS	8
			DM-b2	41	21/20	65.70 ± 9.00
			DM-c2	46	22/24	63.10 ± 9.80
			NC	36	18/18	66.80 ± 8.40
Yang et al[9], 2021	China	GE Vivid E9	DM-a3	28	19/9	51.42 ± 8.94	GLS, GRS, GCS, LVEF	8
			DM-b3	19	13/6	52.16 ± 9.22
			NC	27	18/9	49.93 ± 8.28
Conte et al[10], 2013	Italy	GE Vivid E7	DM-a4	44	23/21	60.90 ± 6.60	GLS, GRS, GCS, GAS	7
			DM-b4	27	17/10	56.20 ± 7.80
			NC	24	13/11	58.40 ± 9.40
Abomandour et al[11], 2022	Egypt	Vivid E2013	DM-a5	31	17/14	32.94 ± 5.56	GLS, GRS, GCS, LVEF	7
			DM-b5	31	18/13	28.74 ± 9.35
			NC	31	11/20	30.32 ± 9.53
Wang et al[12], 2022	China	GE Vivid E9	DM-a6	40	21/19	64.40 ± 7.90	GLS, GRS, GCS, GAS, LVEF	8
			DM-b6	40	21/19	60.80 ± 8.10
			NC	40	20/20	61.90 ± 6.90

¹Diabetes was divided into two subcategories based on a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) < 7.0% and an HbA1c ≥ 7.0%.

²Diabetes was divided into two subcategories based on an HbA1c < 6.5% and an HbA1C ≥ 6.5%.

³Diabetes was divided into two subcategories based on the presence or absence of microvascular complications.

⁴Diabetes status was divided into two subcategories based on body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m² and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m².

⁵Diabetes status was divided into two subcategories: Obese and nonobese.

⁶Diabetes was divided into two subcategories based on the presence or absence of nonalcoholic fatty liver.

DM: Diabetes mellitus; 3D-STI: Three-dimensional speckle tracking technique; GLS: Global longitudinal strain; LEVF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; GCS: Global area strain; GAS: Global area strain; GRS: Global radial strain; NOS: New-Ottawa Scale.