Examining the association between delay discounting, delay aversion and physical activity in Chinese adults with type-2 diabetes mellitus

Table 2 The multiple linear regression analysis results regarding delay discounting, glycated hemoglobin, and different intensity levels of physical activity (Met-hour/week)

Sample characteristic	HbA1c β (95%CI)	Walking activity β (95%CI)	Moderate physical activity β (95%CI)	Vigorous physical activity β (95%CI)
Delay discounting	0.024 (-0.053, 0.101)	0.072 (-1.192, 1.336)	-2.386 (-4.370, -0.401)a	0.065 (-1.179, 1.308)
Age, yr	-0.024 (-0.047, -0.002)a	-0.086 (-0.452, 0.280)	-0.905 (-1.480, -0.330)b	-0.497 (-0.858, -0.137)b
Duration of diabetes, yr	-0.004 (-0.035, 0.027)	-0.038 (-0.550, 0.474)	0.489 (-0.315, 1.293)	-0.135 (-0.639, 0.368)
Sex
Male	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Female	-0.133 (-0.609, 0.343)	0.294 (-7.515, 8.104)	3.925 (-8.341, 16.190)	-6.832 (-14.518, 0.854)
Medical insurance type
UEBMI	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
URBMI	0.269 (-0.474, 1.012)	-7.565 (-19.758, 4.627)	15.345 (-3.804, 34.494)	8.971 (-3.029, 20.971)
NRCMI	0.863 (0.140, 1.586)a	2.476 (-9.388, 14.340)	20.642 (2.009, 39.275)a	11.453 (-0.223, 23.130)
Ethnicity
Han	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Hui	-0.247 (-0.752, 0.259)	3.682 (-4.607, 11.972)	0.009 (-13.010, 13.028)	-0.231 (-8.389, 7.927)
Other	-0.452 (-1.012, 0.109)	-4.745 (-13.941, 4.451)	-1.869 (-16.311, 12.574)	7.126 (-1.924, 16.177)
Marital status
Married	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Unmarried	0.398 (-0.387, 1.182)	-4.171 (-17.038, 8.696)	15.021 (-5.188, 35.229)	-3.814 (-16.477, 8.850)
Level of education	-0.084 (-0.300, 0.133)	3.754 (0.209, 7.300)a	4.67 (-0.899, 10.239)	2.482 (-1.008, 5.971)
Annual household income, yuan per year
< 35000	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
35000-75000	-0.26 (-0.837, 0.317)	-0.065 (-9.530, 9.400)	15.149 (0.283, 30.014)a	0.647 (-8.668, 9.962)
> 75000	-0.259 (-0.899, 0.380)	-0.908 (-11.394, 9.579)	-7.146 (-23.616, 9.324)	-6.052 (-16.373, 4.269)
Unknown	0.226 (-0.512, 0.965)	-2.252 (-14.364, 9.860)	0.591 (-18.432, 19.613)	-8.053 (-19.973, 3.867)
Constant	10.685 (8.288, 13.081)	34.193 (-5.120, 73.507)	84.431 (22.688, 146.175)	38.294 (-0.397, 76.985)

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

β-Standardized regression coefficient. UEBMI: Urban employee-based basic medical insurance; URBMI: Urban resident-based basic medical insurance; NRCMI: New rural cooperative medical insurance.