Jianpi Gushen Huayu decoction ameliorated diabetic nephropathy through modulating metabolites in kidney, and inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 and JNK/P38 pathways

Figure 5 Jianpi Gushen Huayu Decoction moderated the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 pathway and ameliorated inflammatory injuries to kidneys. A: Western blotting results; B: Toll-like receptor 4 levels; C: p-P65/P65 levels; D: NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) levels; E: Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) levels; F: Cleaved caspase-1/caspase-1 levels; G: Mature interleukin (IL)-1β/IL-1β levels; H: IL-18 levels; I: Nlrp3 levels; J: Asc levels; K: Casp1 levels; L: Il1b levels; M: Il18 levels. ^aP < 0.05 as compared to the control group; ^bP < 0.01 as compared to the control group; ^cP < 0.05 as compared to the model group; ^dP < 0.01 as compared to the model group. JPGSH: High-dose Jianpi Gushen Huayu Decoction; TLR4: toll-like receptor 4; NLRP3: NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3; ASC: Protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD; IL: Interleukin.