Jianpi Gushen Huayu decoction ameliorated diabetic nephropathy through modulating metabolites in kidney, and inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 and JNK/P38 pathways

Figure 1 Jianpi Gushen Huayu Decoction administration improved body weight loss, hyperglycemia, and kidney injury in diabetic nephropathy mice. A: Curves of body weight changes; B: Curves of fasting blood glucose changes; C: Creatinine levels; D: Blood urea nitrogen level; E: 24 h urine total protein levels. Control, model, irbesartan, low-dose Jianpi Gushen Huayu Decoction (JPGSL), medium-dose JPGS, and high-dose JPGS groups, n = 10 per group. ^bP < 0.01 as compared to the control group; ^cP < 0.05 as compared to the model group; ^dP < 0.01 as compared to the model group. JPGS: Jianpi Gushen Huayu Decoction; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; Cr: Creatinine; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; 24h-UTP: 24 h urine total protein; JPGSL: Low-dose Jianpi Gushen Huayu Decoction; JPGSM: Medium-dose Jianpi Gushen Huayu Decoction; JPGSH: High-dose Jianpi Gushen Huayu Decoction; IRBE: Irbesartan.