Dietary fiber intake and its association with diabetic kidney disease in American adults with diabetes: A cross-sectional study

Table 3 Association between dietary fiber and diabetic kidney disease

Variable	Total, n	Events, n (%)	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
			OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P Value	OR (95%CI)	P value
DF intake (g/1000 kcal/d)	6032	2316 (38.4)	0.97 (0.96-0.98)	< 0.001	0.97 (0.96-0.98)	< 0.001	0.97 (0.96-0.98)	< 0.001
Tertile groups (g/1000 kcal/d)
T1 (≤ 6.4)	1978	765 (38.7)	1 (reference)		1 (reference)		1 (reference)
T2 (6.5-10.0)	2000	803 (40.2)	0.96 (0.84-1.10)	0.544	0.97 (0.84-1.11)	0.642	0.97 (0.84-1.12)	0.674
T3 (≥ 10.1)	2054	748 (36.4)	0.78 (0.68-0.90)	0.001	0.79 (0.68-0.91)	0.001	0.79 (0.68-0.92)	0.002
P for trend				< 0.001		0.001		0.002

Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, educational level, marital status, and family income. Model 2 was adjusted for all covariates in Model 1 in addition to smoking status, coronary heart disease, hypertension, calorie consumption, and protein consumption. Model 3 was adjusted for all covariates in Model 2 plus the duration of diabetes, insulin use, and glycosylated hemoglobin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, total cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, serum uric acid, hemoglobin levels. DF: Dietary fiber.