Copyright
©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Diabetes. Mar 15, 2024; 15(3): 392-402
Published online Mar 15, 2024. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.392
Published online Mar 15, 2024. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.392
Diabetes | FGFs | Functions | Ref. |
Type 2 diabetes | FGF-1 | A single parenteral treatment of recombinant FGF-1 can decrease glucose levels in diabetic ob/ob mice and DIO mice that mimic human type 2 diabetes | Suh et al[25] |
Diabetic nephropathy | FGF-2 | In mice with diabetic nephropathy, Klotho (a co-receptor for FGF-23) can inhibit renal injury and fibrosis by suppressing FGF-2 expression that is negatively associated with E-cadherin expression | Dong et al[27] |
Diabetic retinopathy | FGF-3 | FGF-3 and its receptor have been found to be downregulated in diabetic retinopathy | Ljubimov et al[30], Saghizadeh et al[31] |
Type 2 diabetes | FGF-4 | Intracerebroventricular administration of FGF-4 shows an anti-diabetic function in male db/db mice and DIO mice by activating glucose-excited neurons via FGFR1, while it can also deactivate glucose-inhibited neurons | Sun et al[33] |
Type 2 diabetes | FGF-5 | Knockdown of lncRNA TUG1 can inhibit glucose-induced proliferation of islet cell line MIN6 cells and promote cell apoptosis by increasing expression miR-188-3p to suppress the expression of FGF-5 | Zhang et al[35] |
Obesity and insulin resistance | FGF-6 | Overexpression of FGF-6 in inguinal white adipose tissue can inhibit HFD–induced obesity and insulin resistance in lean mice, while overexpression of FGF-6 in mouse skeletal muscle tissues can also suppress HFD-induced insulin resistance and bodyweight increase | Liu et al[37], Xu et al[38] |
Type 1 diabetes | FGF-7 | Treatment with FGF-7-loaded galactosylated poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolic acid) particles can improve the islet engraftment into the liver and normalize blood glucose levels in mice with diabetes | Alwahsh et al[39] |
Neuron differentiation | FGF-8 | FGF-8 plays a key role in brain development and neuron differentiation by interacting with its receptors such as FGFR1 | Yellapragada et al[42] |
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) | FGF-9 | A study also shows that the expression of FGF-9 was increased in patients with NASH-HCC, which regulated the expression of extracellular matrix components by regulating the β-catenin signaling pathway | Zhang et al[44] |
Pancreas organogenesis | FGF-10 | FGF-10 is required for the development of the pancreas during early organogenesis | Bhushan et al[46], Norgaard et al[47] |
Diabetic nephropathy | FGF-11 | FGF-11 knockdown can significantly reduce mesangial cell proliferation and fibrosis in the progression of diabetic nephropathy | Liu et al[50] |
Cardiac dysfunction | FGF-12 | FGF-12 upregulation can improve cardiac dysfunction in mice with myocardial infarction by reducing the production of extracellular matrix components in cardiac fibroblasts induced by angiotensin II, including fibronectin and collagen I and III | Liu et al[53] |
Type 2 diabetes | FGF-13 | The serum level of FGF-13 was decreased in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and T2DM compared to that in the healthy controls, suggesting that it could serve as a diagnostic marker for T2DM | Che et al[55] |
Cancers | FGF-14 | FGF-14 plays a pivotal role in cancer progression and prognosis | Turkowski et al[58], Raja et al[59] |
Diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease | FGF-15 | Mouse FGF-15 is the homolog of human FGF-19. Overexpression or activation of FGF-15 or FGF-19 can decrease the levels of fasting blood glucose, free fatty acids, triglycerides, and insulin resistance, which also displays anti-diabetic effects and inhibits hepatic lipogenesis | Zhao et al[60], Hu et al[61], Kim et al[62] |
Diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy | FGF-16 | FGF-16 is a target of microRNAs such as miR-372-3p and miR-144-3p, which can regulate high glucose-induced glomerular endothelial cell dysfunction in patients with diabetic nephropathy and suppress high-glucose-induced proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human retinal endothelial cells to potentially suppress diabetic retinopathy | Meng et al[63], Chen et al[64] |
Cancers | FGF-17 | FGF-17 plays a key role in cancer diagnosis (e.g., acute myeloid leukemia) and cancer cell survival (e.g., hepatocellular carcinoma) | Ling and Du[66], Gauglhofer et al[67] |
Liver fibrosis | FGF-18 | Overexpression of FGF-18 in mouse liver can promote liver fibrosis development | Tsuchiya et al[73] |
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes | FGF-19 | Serum levels of FGF-19 were significantly decreased in patients with T1DM and T2DM | Barutcuoglu et al[76], Hu et al[77] |
Diabetic renal diseases | FGF-20 | Increased plasma FGF-20 protein could delay the progression of diabetic renal diseases at the end stage | Md Dom et al[79] |
Type 2 diabetes | FGF-21 | Treatment with recombinant human FGF-21 can ameliorate insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and endothelial dysfunction in T2DM mice induced by HFD-STZ treatment by activating the CaMKK2/AMP-AMPKα signaling pathway | Ying et al[82] |
Spinal cord injury | FGF-22 | FGF-22 plays an essential role in the recovery process of spinal cord injury, which can inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis | Aljović et al[84], Zhu et al[85] |
Diabetic nephropathy | FGF-23 | FGF-23 could be implicated in proteinuria and endothelial dysfunction in patients with diabetic nephropathy | Yilmaz et al[88] |
- Citation: Zhang CY, Yang M. Roles of fibroblast growth factors in the treatment of diabetes. World J Diabetes 2024; 15(3): 392-402
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v15/i3/392.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.392