Metabolic disorders in prediabetes: From mechanisms to therapeutic management

Table 7 Types of Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and clinical research results

Name	Ref.	Participants	Grouping and dosage	Result	Conclusion
Metformin	O’Brien et al[32]	92	Metformin group (850 mg/daily), standard diet group	Compared with the standard diet group, the metformin group lost an average of 1.1% body weight, and a normal blood glucose ratio of 28.7% was restored	Reduces weight and restores normal blood glucose levels in prediabetics
Metformin	Tavlo et al[51]	183	1500-2000 mg/d over 12 wk	The impaired glucose tolerance remission rate was 32%	Improves postprandial insulin secretion
Metformin + exenatide	Tavlo et al[51]	183	Metformin: 1500-2000 mg/d; exenatide: 10-20 μg/d over 12 wk	The impaired glucose tolerance remission rate was 64%	Combined administration of drugs is more effective in alleviating glucose tolerance compared with monotherapy
Exenatide	Tavlo et al[51]	183	10-20 μg/d over 12 wk	Impaired glucose tolerance remission rate of 56%	Improves postprandial insulin secretion
Liraglutide	le Roux et al[34]	749	Placebo group (n = 749), liraglutide group (n = 1505, 3 mg/d) over 160 wk	4.2% weight loss and 2.7 times longer onset of diabetes in the liraglutide group than the placebo group	3 mg liraglutide reduces weight gain and diabetes risk
Liraglutide	Pi-Sunyer et al[141]	3731	Placebo (n = 1244), liraglutide (n = 2487, 3 mg/d) over 56 wk	Body weight in the liraglutide group decreased by 36.1%; glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, and fasting insulin were reduced; and the prevalence of diabetes was reduced, compared with the placebo group	3 mg liraglutide may reduce the incidence of urine disease
Dapagliflozin	Veelen et al[142]	30	Dapagliflozin (2 mg/d) vs placebo, over 10 wk	The plasma glucose level was reduced in the dapagliflozin group compared with the placebo group, and no extensive changes were observed in the glycogen and lipid content of the liver	Dapagliflozin improves fat oxidation and exhibits a marked hypoglycemic effect