Metabolic disorders in prediabetes: From mechanisms to therapeutic management

Table 3 Main intervention modalities for prediabetes

Intervention method	Cycle time, follow-up time	Effect	Ref.
Lifestyle intervention	4 months, 1 yr follow up	Blood glucose and lipids can be effectively controlled	Gokulakrishnan et al[28]
Lifestyle intervention	1 yr	Effective reduction of disease risk in patients with prediabetes	Hu et al[29]
Lifestyle intervention	1 yr	Weight loss 34.1% higher than in the diatomic group	Apolzan et al[30]
Metformin	10 yr	Enhanced glycemic control to improve health outcomes	Jonas et al[31]
Metformin	1 yr	More effective in body weight reduction. Better results than life interventions	O’Brien et al[32]
Metformin	5 yr	Weight loss 2.5% higher than life intervention group	Apolzan et al[30]
Metformin	15 yr	Compared with the placebo group, 17% lower incidence of diabetes	Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group[33]
GLP-1 receptor agonist	3 yr	Significant weight loss and improved blood sugar	le Roux et al[34]
GLP-1 receptor agonist	17 months	Significant weight loss	Wilding et al[35]
GLP-1 receptor agonist	14 wk	Significant reduction of body weight and improved relevant glucose tolerance indicators	Kim et al[36]

GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1.