Duodenal-jejunal bypass improves hypothalamic oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic rats via glucagon-like peptide 1-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling

Figure 5 Duodenal jejunal bypass surgery improves hypothalamic cell injury induced by oxidative stress. A: The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the hypothalamus determined by immunohistochemistry (scale bar, 130 µm); B: The percentage of cells expressing GFAP; C: The quantitative real-time PCR results of GFAP expression in the hypothalamus; D: Expression levels of GFAP detected by Western blotting; E: The quantitative densitometric analysis of GFAP. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001. T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; DJB: Duodenal jejunal bypass; GFAP: Glial fibrillary acidic protein.