Long noncoding RNA protein-disulfide isomerase-associated 3 regulated high glucose-induced podocyte apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy through targeting miR-139-3p

Figure 5 Mechanistic depiction of the role of long noncoding RNA Pdia3 in endoplasmic reticulum stress and podocyte apoptosis is illustrated. Our finding revealed that long noncoding RNA Pdia3 downregulation induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and podocyte injury by acting as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-139-3p, which led to diabetic nephropathy progression. lncRNA: Long noncoding RNA; Pdia3: Protein-disulfide isomerase-associated 3.