Emerging and multifaceted potential contributions of polyphenols in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Figure 2 Polyphenols have multifaceted actions to support their use in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Due to their positive actions on multiple physiopathological mechanisms which are crucial not only in the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by protecting and supporting many functions of β-cells and insulin signaling, but also in those associated with common T2DM complications by improving dyslipidemia profiles, reducing systemic inflammation, dampening the deleterious consequences of the high rate formation of advanced glycation end products production, reducing oxidative stress, as well as by supporting vascular functionality. AGE: Advanced glycation end products production; GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1; GLUT-4: Glucose transporter 4; BCAA: Branched-chain amino acid; DM: Diabetes mellitus.