Serum tumor markers expression (CA199, CA242, and CEA) and its clinical implications in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Table 4 Comparison of general clinical characteristics and tumor marks of different glycosylated hemoglobin % diabetes patients

Variables	Group A (HbA1c ≤ 9%) (n = 37)	Group B (HbA1c > 9%) (n = 45)	t/Z value	P value
Age (yr)	60.08 ± 9.58	58.16 ± 13.05	0.747	0.457
Gender (male/female)	21/16	26/19	0.009	0.926
Course of disease (yr)	6 (3.00, 10.50)	9 (4, 15.00)	1.627	0.104
BMI (kg/m2)	26.09 ± 2.66	25.11 ± 3.88	1.349	0.181
FBG (mmol/L)	8.41 ± 2.79	11.46 ± 4.84	3.386	0.001
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.33 (1.93, 3.02)	2.38 (1.94, 3.32)	0.680	0.496
TG (mmol/L)	2.00 (1.23, 3.01)	1.57 (0.96, 2.61)	1.142	0.254
TC (mmol/L)	4.54 ± 1.02	4.40 ± 1.48	0.494	0.623
Cre (umol/L)	71.07 ± 19.33	69.40 ± 34.72	0.261	0.795
SUA (umol/L)	333.64 ± 99.56	283.64 ± 101.27	2.242	0.028
ALT (U/L)	17.30 (12.65, 28.75)	19.90 (14.05, 31.45)	0.778	0.437
CEA (ng/mL)	1.90 (1.20, 2.60)	3.40 (2.60, 5.25)	5.488	0.000
CA199 (U/mL)	7.60 (4.15, 10.60)	21.00 (11.85, 26.85)	4.795	0.000
CA242 (U/mL)	5.90 (3.85, 7.15)	6.50 (4.80, 9.30)	1.622	0.105

HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin; BMI: Body mass index; FBG: Fasting blood sugar; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; TC: Total cholesterol; Cre: Creatinine; SUA: Serum uric acid; ALT: Alanine transaminase; CA: Cancer antigen; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen.