Effect of exercise during pregnancy on offspring development through ameliorating high glucose and hypoxia in gestational diabetes mellitus

Figure 1 The expression of glucose transporter in placentas of humans and mice. A: Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis results of glucose transporter (GLUT) 1, 3, 4, 8, 9, and 12 expression levels in human placenta,normal (n = 20), GDM (n = 20),; B: The immunohistochemistry analysis results of GLUT 1 expression in human placenta. Scale bar = 200 μm and 50 μm; C: The RT-PCR analysis results of slc2a1, slc2a3, slc2a4, slc2a8, slc2a9, and slc2a12 expression in mice placenta, control (n= 5), mGDM (n = 5), and mGE (n = 5); D: Immunohistochemistry analysis results of GLUT 1 expression in mice placenta. Scale bar = 100 μm and 25μm; E: Western blot analysis results of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), GLUT 1 expression in mice placenta; Relative gray value of HIF-1α, GLUT1 expression in the control, mGDM and mGE groups. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. ^aP < 0.05; ^bP < 0.01; ^cP < 0.001. GLUT: Glucose transporter; HIF-1α: Hypoxia inducible factor-1α; GDM: Gestational diabetes mellitus; mGDM: Mouse with gestational diabetes mellitus; ACTB: β-Actin.