Asiaticoside improves diabetic nephropathy by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis: An in vitro and in vivo study

Figure 2 Effect of asiaticoside on high glucose-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress in rat glomerular mesangial cells. A: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of the mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in rat glomerular mesangial (HBZY-1) cells treated with asiaticoside at different concentrations (0, 2, 4, and 8 μM) and glucose (30 mmol/L); B: IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in the supernatant of HBZY-1 cells determined by ELISA; C-E: Reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase levels in HBZY-1 cells determined by ELISA using corresponding kits. n = 3 experiments. ^aP < 0.001 vs control, ^bP < 0.05, ^cP < 0.01, and ^dP < 0.001 (Glu, 30 mmol/L + AC, 0 µM); not significant (P > 0.05) vs (Glu, 30 mmol/L + AC 0 µM). AC: Asiaticoside; Glu: Glucose; NS: Not significant.